When a number represents a quantity rather than a count, SI prefixes can be used-thus " femtosecond", not "one quadrillionth of a second"-although often powers of ten are used instead of some of the very high and very low prefixes. This is easier to say and less ambiguous than "quattuordecillion", which means something different in the long scale and the short scale. "The X-ray emission of the radio galaxy is 1.3 ×10 45 joules." When a number such as 10 45 needs to be referred to in words, it is simply read out as "ten to the forty-fifth". In this notation, powers of ten are expressed as 10 with a numeric superscript, e.g. Even well-established names like sextillion are rarely used, since in the context of science, including astronomy, where such large numbers often occur, they are nearly always written using scientific notation. Names of larger numbers, however, have a tenuous, artificial existence, rarely found outside definitions, lists, and discussions of how large numbers are named. In 2009, Zimbabwe printed a 100 trillion (10 14) Zimbabwean dollar note, which at the time of printing was worth about US$30. The highest numerical value banknote ever printed was a note for 1 sextillion pengő (10 21 or 1 milliard bilpengő as printed) printed in Hungary in 1946. At times, the names of large numbers have been forced into common usage as a result of hyperinflation. Some names of large numbers, such as million, billion, and trillion, have real referents in human experience, and are encountered in many contexts. The Oxford English Dictionary comments that googol and googolplex are "not in formal mathematical use". ![]() ![]() None include any higher names in the googol family (googolduplex, etc.). Trigintillion, often cited as a word in discussions of names of large numbers, is not included in any of them, nor are any of the names that can easily be created by extending the naming pattern ( unvigintillion, duovigintillion, duoquinquagintillion, etc.).Īll of the dictionaries included googol and googolplex, generally crediting it to the Kasner and Newman book and to Kasner's nephew (see below). Centillion appears to be the highest name ending in -"illion" that is included in these dictionaries. ![]() Long scale: French Canada, older British, Western & Central EuropeĪpart from million, the words in this list ending with - illion are all derived by adding prefixes ( bi-, tri-, etc., derived from Latin) to the stem - illion.Short scale: US, English Canada, modern British, Australia, and Eastern Europe.English also has many words, such as "zillion", used informally to mean large but unspecified amounts see indefinite and fictitious numbers. Indian English does not use millions, but has its own system of large numbers including lakhs and crores. For example, the statement "There are approximately 7.1 octillion atoms in an adult human body" is understood to be in short scale of the table below (and is only accurate if referring to short scale rather than long scale). However, these somewhat rare names are considered acceptable for approximate statements. Names of numbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice such large numbers have practical usage primarily in the scientific domain, where powers of ten are expressed as 10 with a numeric superscript. These naming procedures are based on taking the number n occurring in 10 3 n+3 (short scale) or 10 6 n (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix -illion. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-English-speaking areas, including continental Europe and Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America. So we use the \ mathbf command.Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. ![]() In old books, classic mathematical number sets are marked in bold as follows
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